Background The discussion about the need for a tax on real estate in Russia has become almost commonplace. The taxable base when calculating the tax rate should be the market value of residential and commercial premises, and not the paltry sum of evaluation, which is fixed to the Bureau of Technical Inventory. Raised this issue in 1994, and in 2000, and in 2004. The last time before the bill put forward Sergei Mironov in 2007, but the most diligent deputies estimate how many Muscovites will pay per year, and even having a remote idea of the average income of urban residents, quietly horrified. The bill as something without much noise was rejected, and there was a respite. In 2008, the tax on real estate again to talk. In the media there are many articles where experts argued that the introduction of a new "dues" will be a disaster for poor people, because it means their complete ruin. In general, the arguments were quite logical. The authors carried out the analytical work, calculate the average market value of real estate in Moscow and regions of average annual salary of a middle-income residents. Pensions for obvious reasons, it was generally not taken into account. Consider the annual rate of 0.2-0.5%. At this time the property in the capital rose in price is not something that every year, every month, and the amount to be so impressive that impressed even the very wealthy citizens. The experts also noted that many families or retirees who live in large apartments that have been allocated by the state, or inherited, will be forced to sell property and move to the cheapest housing. People who took out a loan to buy an apartment and paid a huge sum for a mortgage, must prepare for the additional costs. The idea of the injustice of the new levies sounded pretty convincing, and it may be, therefore, the bill, and even the discussion constantly postponed. The realities of today in 2009 in the State Duma again began active discussion of the new provisions of law. If we approach this issue seriously and thoughtfully, deputies, the innovation will not bring the material damage people in Russia. The real estate tax operates in 134 countries, and the citizens of these countries live better than the Russians. All the more so (as promised) in the first place, the tax burden should be subject to costly mansions and apartments in a large area. Until 2010, never mentioned the fact that pensioners and low-income people be exempt from tax. "They will put incentives" - promised to officials, and the most sagacious citizens after these words, fell into despair. How do we get the benefits - they know everything. All the more so that this procedure is not always easy and free. According to Deputy Finance Minister Sergei Shatalov, distribution practices for the collection of property taxes (which will be introduced in place of property tax and land tax) will take at least 5 years. How to evaluate your property? If there was a single country in the inventory of residential and nonresidential real estate, with an indication of the owners and its market valuation, it is likely, the tax would be imposed for a long time. A to massive real estate appraisal on market conditions and in a short time (to ensure comparability), it is not just difficult, almost impossible. Tax Services representatives encouraged by a successful experiment in Novgorod, where since 2000 have been set for the real estate tax rate of 0.5% of market value (the initial rate was 3.5%). However, comparing a small town with metropolitan areas makes no sense. Here everything is different. So what happens now? Can I get some objective information about when the new tax is approved, what would be the rate, and whether the differentiation of the population held in the grounds of property? That said, that on this occasion, Deputy General Director, Center for Independent Expert "Invest Project" Sergei Mikhailovich Sheshko: - Real estate tax was to come into force in 2011, but the Finance Ministry felt that many of the paragraphs of the draft needed to be expanded. Starting next year, will begin mass inventory, evaluation and registration of common objects accounting for all regions of the country. All functions in the development of regulations were passed Economic Development (formerly the matter handled by the Ministry of Justice). Most likely, that the law will come into force in 2013. - What will the tax rate? - To date, officials from the Ministry of Finance agreed that the marginal tax rate should not exceed 0.1% of the cadastral value of the property at the beginning of a new tax period. Now it is important to determine how to fairly distribute the tax burden between different social categories of citizens. What are the houses and apartments can be considered expensive, and what does not? How to avoid subjectivity in the assessment of buildings? It is clear that the area of real estate and location of the facility may not be the only criteria when calculating the market value. In addition, as shown by recent years of crisis, this estimate is conditional. Real estate can fall in price sharply, while interest rates remain the same? All these controversial and contradictory aspects must be carefully analyzed and considered in the development of certain provisions of the law. Today, for example, discusses the release of low-income housing owners from paying the tax. - Do you think it is appropriate to impose a tax at the same time across the country? - Most likely, the tax will voditsya by region, depending on their degree of proficiency that would be to create a unified assessment framework (the cadastral value of real property). - With the approval of the new tax should be repealed certain provisions of the Tax Code. When will it happen? - Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said that simultaneously with the introduction of property tax to market value should be abolished taxes on land and property. However, in practice, is likely to be defined transition period during which the old provisions of the Code will be applicable (approximately 2015). - How will pay tax entities? - The law requires owners of commercial real estate are also taxpayers. However, to date, no final decision about how I will calculate rates. Chances are that will be taxed residential premises and land, as the property tax for legal entities so far been saved. - What incentives are provided for certain categories of persons - persons with disabilities, for example? - For veterans, disabled soldiers and their families, retirees will apply the standard tax deductions. Real Estate, an area of less than 50 square meters. m, will not be taxed. - How will the owners pay a tax of several real estate? - For owners, the private use of which has several properties, and among them is expensive, will introduce "multiplying factors". This question is given the responsibility of local authorities. - And the main thing. What problems will help solve the property tax? - If you manage to create a coherent and transparent system of tax collection, without prejudice to all citizens, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in local budgets, and this in turn will contribute to the development of regional infrastructure, and to realize important social programs. Do not forget that the real estate tax applies in most civilized countries. The main thing that it was comparable to the incomes of the population and is aimed ultimately at improving the quality of life of citizens.
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