Residents first repaired the program repair homes happy: it got warm, clean ... But I can not say that they breathed a sigh of relief. Sealed and insulated windows, insulated facades turned into a kind of flat "gas vans". It has become damp, stuffy. By the morning of malometrazhkah - just breathe. In winter, the window is not particularly something and uncover - cold. And tenants roadside homes and would be happy to open the window, but the noise is such that and not fall asleep. What's going on? All the matter in the ventilation system, organized in our homes. The role of ventilation in the present conditions was enormous, and, unfortunately, are still undervalued. Where the wind blows In general, "our" people often are not aware of the principles of communication multifamily dwellings, and often neglect to treat them. We drive to the already-built house - unless we someone explain what and how it should operate? Gas, electricity, water works - fine. "Kids in school need to talk about their environment - that is, about the House, whether residential, whether it's public house. What there is engineering systems, and how to exploit a person to live in comfort, easy breathing, - says Galina Stomakhin, chief of JSC "Mosproject." - We are 90% of his time indoors! If properly operate these facilities, then folding them in climate can cause disease. " A careless attitude to the ventilation systems in residential buildings is fraught with even tragedies. Because only a tightly closed with a gauze of cockroaches air vents in one of the apartments Solntsevo killed a child and adult residents become seriously ill. "It happened due to multiple exceedances of the air a flat concentration of harmful substances (mastic for flooring available): dirt have nowhere to go was," - says the expert. Ventilation in our homes is a natural, and occurs under the influence of thermal propulsion (as in the chimney). It works effectively only in the heating season, when the outside air temperature is below 5 degrees. What is its principle? The cool fresh air is sucked into a warm apartment, warmed, and through contaminated air vents, which are in every apartment in the kitchen and the bathroom, gets into the ventilation shaft (along with the smells, humidity and carbon dioxide), which faces the street. In Moscow, almost all homes (and they are in our capital, about 40 thousand) of air is so. Where should we do to fresh incoming air? From the open windows, vents, and if the windows are closed, it penetrates through the cracks in the frames. "In the SNIP always normalized by cubic extract, and blanks were always on the flow of air, because it was unpredictable numbers - explains Boris Butz, senior technical specialist for ventilation and microclimate of" Aereko. " - Imagine a small gap, distributed around the perimeter of the window. In the old Stalinist buildings, if all the gaps of the old "woodwork" to gather into one place, we get a constant size of 200 sq. cm hole And considering that the hole is about one square centimeter in the thermal-powered 10 Pa the inflow of one cubic meter of air per hour, it is 200 cubic meters of fresh air every hour (with regulations 30-50). " Thus, the old wooden windows provide continuous and adequate ventilation. Sealed airtight windows, disrupting air in our homes. Fresh air, just nowhere to get inside - it leads to a lack of traction, and polluted air can not get out of the room. The house is increased humidity, carbon dioxide accumulates, there is mold. "Phenol, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetaldehyde, and similar substances - examples of chemical contaminants in the apartment - says Eugene Kuzmenko, a specialist environmental expertise" Ekostandart. " - Allocate this "harmful" items of furniture, finishes, coatings, dust that accumulates inside the building. Just around the apartment "fly" mold spores, microscopic mites. " Their high concentration leads to allergies and respiratory diseases. Even more dangerous is a harmful substance as radon released from building materials, and out of the ground. The danger of radon in that it is imperceptible sense of smell - it is difficult to observe the concentration of harmful, and yet it can cause cancer. Get rid of all this "evil" is only possible with constant renewal of air - ventilation. Excuse me, but we also occasionally airs an apartment - you might say. "The fresh air into the apartment to be with some reserve. The maximum that can provide ventilation - it's a time to throw the dirty air and replaced with fresh, - said Boris Butz ("Aereko"). - Please, you can 20-25 times a day prodelyvat such an operation to get on-air. Nobody ever does not, and will not do. And one night, the clock will not be up to wind. For example, winter can be aired before bedtime, however, then the window is still closed, or you may freeze in the morning. In the morning people wake up with a cast iron head, because after an hour or two my vlagovydeleniyami and exhaled carbon dioxide of sleeping two people in a bedroom 15 square meters of fresh air will not leave anything. " Foreign us can only dream of? However, the old carpenter's shop of no return. Sealed double-glazed windows for the past 15 years, firmly entrenched in the recesses of our windows. Their installation saved us from drafts, noise from the street, provided the heat in the apartments during the cold season. All this can be attributed to the concepts of comfort. However, the physical comfort is not only of the above conditions. "The main parameters that we feel physically comfortable - is the air temperature, the mobility of (draft), noise level, light level, humidity and purity (composition) - explains Boris Butz (" Aereko "). - The acoustics of a draft, for heat, with insufficient heating pvc windows work a plus. On humidity and air quality - at a loss. But it does not come out minus must return to the old carpenter's shop. Need to find a compromise solution - to keep all the advantages achieved by modern window designs and eliminate their disadvantages. " This solution is the integration of design noise insulation window vents, valves. In Europe, such valves have been used for about three decades. "20-30 years ago in the west, after they renovated housing stock is already aware of the danger of warming without the proper functioning of ventilation - says Butz. - And we have a wave of major repairs is just beginning, and unfortunately, the Russian construction and housing complexes do not account for the negative experience of the use of technology, self-advancing on all rakes, although in Europe have already developed a set of measures to address this issue. " "The flat hourly should do no less than 30-35 m3 of fresh air. If you installed the windows in the apartment sealed fresh air available. To restore normal air to ventilate the premises or permanently, regularly opening windows or using a special device - air supply acoustic valves. In the frame of milled hole measuring 35 sq cm and at a fixed small size (40h4h4) tube - explains Svetlana Tochilkin, head of the ventilation LLC "Neoplast +". - Air flow is regulated by these devices, either manually or automatically (eg, humidity). The latter option is preferable, because then you will not need to think about how much is open at the moment supply air valve. If weak, it can be stifling, if strong, the apartment can be cool. " "The supply valve - this is, roughly speaking, the ability to" collect "the gap perimeter of the old" woodwork "at one point, and place it on the window near the ceiling as high as possible to the incoming stream of fresh air left in the Ceiling space. Here fresh air is warmed, and, falling, already in the form of drafts are not accepted, "- explains Boris Butz (" Aereko "). "The effect of the use of such devices - the constant presence of fresh air in the house with closed windows" - adds Ms. Tochilkin ("Neoplast +"). Ventilation valves that regulate the flow of air humidity in the room, called gigroreguliruemymi. If the apartment has increased humidity - valve leaflets are opened, letting in more fresh air. If no one is home, the fresh air enters the "background" mode. There are also Gigroreguliruemymi and extract grilles. They operate on the same principle, and when the house is unoccupied, make the minimum exhaust air to keep warm. The cost of these devices starts at p. 2500. They are unpretentious, they just need to periodically wipe with a damp cloth. The cost of air intake valves - from 1 350 r. Why react to moisture, such devices? Why, for example, not carbon dioxide? "Because the sources of carbon dioxide in an apartment is much smaller (breathing, gas stove) than water sources (respiration, gas stove, laundry, showers, flowers, cooking, dry cleaning, etc.), - says Boris Butz (" Aereko "). - Therefore, management of air exchange in terms of moisture more effectively. " How to check the air in your apartment? "On the principles of ventilation - breathing our house - you have to explain to people literally" on fingers "," - complains Galina Stomakhin ("Mosproject"). Not understanding these principles, after hearing, after watching advertisements, we develop the flats "amateur", sometimes worsening the quality of living. For example, set the cooker hoods, duct from which the closely integrated into the vent in the kitchen. When the hood is working, polluted air is sucked, and when not working, then the slightest attempt to prevent the exhaust air to leave the apartment. Same here, the typical errors in the repair of the inhabitants, may include the installation of fans in the bathroom. When it does not work, its lobes occludes the lumen of the duct, as virtually blocking out polluted air. In addition, if such a powerful fan (700-800 Pa), then he, interrupting natural attraction (10Pa), the force will push the dirty air duct in general. If at this time a neighbor on the floor above will open in their own window, then the Fan assisted dirty air gets to his apartment, he will be pulled through the air vents to exit through the open window, rather than to stretch through a common duct opening at the top. That is, extract grilles will act as air supply. This is completely breaks air in the apartments of tenants the upper floors and is called "breaking" of ventilation: smells kitchen, bathroom walk around the house from an apartment in an apartment. "In order to increase the area in some apartments the owners cut the ventilation ducts to deliver there, for example, a refrigerator, thus" coffin "air all the lower floors, the level of accommodation which drastically reduced" - gives the example of Galina Stomakhin ("Mosproject"). This problem is particularly acute concerns high-rise buildings, such as P-44, where the airbox is available to tenants, for example, in the kitchen. If you have noticed that in cold weather in your apartment (with the old windows or tight, but fitted with valves), it became impossible to breathe, there was mold, steam from the bathroom out in the hallway, not in the hood flies off, you should think about not messed up a duct with your neighbors on the upper floors. How to check if it works properly downcast in your home? Open the farthest from the air vent window and bring to a lattice piece of tissue paper. In normal air exchange leaflet should swing and "stick" to the grid. If not, then pull in your apartment no. This is a serious problem for the neighbors who have violated the air - an administrative responsibility. "Ventilation, as well as water, sewage, heating and garbage disposal - it obschedomovaya property - explains Butz (" Aereko "). - Residents do not have any independent right without the consent of the special organizations that something is to change, merge, cut, etc. In the case of blocking the airway, the neighbor has violated your consumer rights. That is messed up your property, but it worsened the living conditions in your apartment, and maybe even made them impossible. This is a matter for the courts. " According to the expert, call the chief engineer or technician-supervisor of the operating organization (Deza), so he checked the work of your drawing. Recall that this should be done during the heating season, when the hood is working under the influence of thermal thrust. The specialist should write a conclusion that, indeed, stretching does not work. He must go into the apartments above, check out who exactly broke the air. If the offender does not let itself to the threshold of any inspection organization, then make him fix the damage to the duct can only be through the courts. "Unfortunately, there are cases where such issues are not solved at the legal level", - said Boris Butz ("Aereko"). - "In order to completely do not suffocate in your own apartment you can build an autonomous ventilation system. Units> started tightly isolate their air vents in the bathroom and kitchen. Then organize the flow of fresh air by installing special valves in the windows. In the kitchen, utility room or other place is compact, quiet fan, which consumes about 20-30 watts of power. To him from the bathroom, the bathroom, the kitchen stretches small ducts. Another duct through which the dirty air will be removed from the apartment, pulled to the wall facing the balcony or loggia. The wall breaks under his hole, and an autonomous ventilation is ready. This is the only way to make your stay in this house possible. Duct opening on the front display is strictly not recommended, because this is sure to coordinate with relevant organizations. " If we seek a more radical solution to the desire to provide a perfect, independent of season, ventilation, install a powerful general in the whole fan vent riser. Its cost is around 30 000 p. To do this, you can try to collect all the tenants of apartments, "threaded" in your ductwork, offer to chip in a fan, explaining that a few extra years of life without diseases and allergies are much more expensive. Summary sealed windows, insulation of facades make our apartment warm, we were not penetrate the noise from the street. But that, perhaps, a key measure of comfort (air quality) in this deteriorating, many people still do not know. It has become stuffy and humid: constant fatigue, frequent illness, headaches and allergies blamed on anything but not to the lack of air in the apartment. Under these circumstances, it is time to forget the phrase "intermittent aeration." Continuous ventilation - this trend today. While it still seems wild - equipped home with some extra gizmo just to let in fresh air home. However, even if the problem with the ventilation are not you worried about - it is, and will only improve. The Europeans have seen this much earlier, when there, after the massive overhaul of the apartment began to mold, people have become increasingly ill. More than thirty years experience in the west of modern "smart" valves, and other ventilation systems, which have only just beginning to emerge, suggests that the problems associated with excessive sealing and poor health can be solved.
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