The construction boom of recent years has shown that economic, environmental and socio factors play an important role today. As we reflect on the construction of intrinsic homes or cottages, people began to prefer natural materials, llamas, first of all - wood. During the construction of wooden houses can be not only in the flesh, the most daring architectural ideas, but also to create an enabling environment-ing atmosphere. This trend holds both for Russia and for the most developed countries. Wood is one of the main building materials in many countries. For example, in the USA, Finland and Canada, a lot of wooden private houses - 95, 90 and 83 percent respectively. Indicators of Russia is more modest: according to various estimates, from 30 to 40 percent. However, given the similarity in climatic conditions and relatively low cost wooden structures, it is only a matter of time. As the director of "Russian House" Alexei Terekhov, "this sector housing have yet to form-hsia, so the potential is high." According to some reports, over the past 20 years, the volume of domestic wood construction grew by an average of six times mainly due to individual-tion building. As the CEO «Farm House» Taras Nechi-porenko: "If four years ago in Moscow there were only three of the village of wooden houses, vyannyh, then at the moment there are about fifty. Waiting-It turns out that by the year 2010 will be inaugurated 10 million m2 of housing made of wood. " All the prerequisites for this are. Tree - a very common material in this value it is small. A wooden house can be constructed in any area, practically any soil. For its construction is suitable tape or pile funda-ment, as a rule, shallow bookmarks. Therefore, other things being equal, such a house would cost 1.5-2 times cheaper than brick, and on their thermophysical properties and durability will be comparable with the latter. The hut of the XXI century was a time when Russia all made of wood - from the peasant's house to prince-ray chambers. That house was a traditional Russian housing. However, because many of the natural causes associated with deficiencies of wood as a building material, with the course of time, they started to give preference to buildings of brick, and later - zitnyh component units. Today, natural wood flaws begin to address already in a preliminary stage of production. It is known that the average moisture content of wood is about 70 percent. Therefore we first need the wood is dried and then impregnated with its different chemical compositions. Special antiseptics ("Senezh Bio", "Cram-C", "Biokron" and others) provide protection against rot and insects. The use of flame retardants and biopirenov ("Norteks", "Pirilaks", etc.) significantly SNI-zhaet potential for fire wood. Therefore, the life of a modern wooden house is large enough. According to Head-of-town secondary sales of non-movable property of the company «Soho Realty» Maxim Suharkova, it is about 100-150 years. Contemporary wooden construction can be divided into three main directions of: carcass (home made of solid wood), frame and panel. However, many developers offer a large variety of typical projects Comrade, differing architectural and design solutions. But it is possible to design a building and completely individual, and sometimes incredible design and layout. It all depends on the customer's wishes and budget. Erected log cabins made of logs or lumber (solid and laminated). These homes are beautiful, durable, quickly assembled, but require long-term shrinkage (as the drying of wood). If the material for the carcass is raw wood, after the assembly, he should stay 3-4 years. And only then can move on to other jobs: insulation, paneling, installation of the roof, flooring and flooring, installing windows or doors. If the wood was pre-dried (bought ready-made frame), it suffices to shrink 1 year. House of laminated veneer lumber, generally do not require aging, but in Russia this technology is not yet widespread. To date, the share of log buildings account for about 80 percent of the domestic market of wooden houses. The remaining 20 percent divided between frame and panel construction. Prefab houses are built, as you might guess from their name, based on the framework of a solid laminated wood. Sheathe his cement-bonded particleboard or oriented particle board and insulated with mineral wool, fiberglass or other insulating material. The assembly of these houses takes a little time, they should not stand, relatively cheap, but the yield strength of the framework. Panel (including shield) constructions are a type of frame. The difference is that the house is assembled from standard panels. These buildings have the highest level of prefabrication. As the General Director of LLC "Skandidom" Dmitry Brain: "The construction period of such structures may be only 4-6 months." In the warmth and comfort of wooden houses has its own characteristics, so their construction is necessary to pay attention to some of the nuances of design. This primarily applies to buildings made of solid wood (log). Some skeptics argue that in a wooden house is blowing from the corners and joints. The practice of modern construction shows that can only be purged properly constructed house. First of all, it is desirable to use the so-called winter wood that is harvested in the winter. For example, in ancient times, wood cut for the construction not only at certain times of the year, but at certain times of the day - namely, in the early morning hours, when the tree is still asleep, and all biological processes are not so active. Although it is already out of tradition. Now apply a large number of both traditional and advanced methods of cutting the cup - the place corner connection logs. Therefore, qualification of cutters is critical. Ready to frame must be accompanied by detailed technical documentation showing that the homes are made by mature technology, not chopped "in haste" in the presence of order. Special attention should be given the choice of windows for a wooden house. Summer residents are well aware of how great their value, especially during the cold season. But if the house is designed for permanent residence, the windows should be as warm and as well protected from the weather, as in a city apartment. In addition, changes in temperature and humidity do not affect the best durability of wooden walls. Therefore, in our day in a suburban construction are commonly used box sealed by glass. The advantages of this solution are obvious: the house is warm, quiet and comfortable, delivered from eternal drafts and dampness, ready to take the hosts and guests at any time of year. It is hardly appropriate to the installation of a wooden house in aluminum windows. This is due to the considerable difference in the thermophysical characteristics of wood and metal, as well as aesthetic considerations. Therefore remains only two choices: wooden and plastic windows. Good thermal and acoustic insulation - the defining properties of any translucent design. Wood is considered one of the best heat-shielding materials. Its thermal conductivity is about 0.15-0.18 W / (m * K). Characteristics of PVC for this indicator is higher - about 0.21 W / (m * K). In addition, the PVC-profile of which makes the window, hollow, multi-chamber, that is, we can assume that his "array" consists of air having a thermal conductivity of 0.022 to 0.026 W / (m * K), depending on the temperature. Thus, in their ability to retain heat PVC profile superior to wood. According to the experts PROPLEKS Group, Russia's largest producer of PVC profile of Austrian technologies for homes in central Russia enough three-chamber frame. For regions with more severe climate is better to use solutions based on the five-chamber profile. Technology installation of windows in log cabins made of solid wood has a number of features. Wooden house "breathes", the walls can change their shape and linear dimensions, depending on the time and season. These changes are imperceptible to humans, but may create a significant burden on the rigid structure made of reinforced PVC profiles. Therefore, prior to installation of plastic windows in the openings is the so-called "okosyachka" - an additional box from a bar of 100x150 with the grooves on the outside, which is installed and the window design. Furthermore, it should prevent the formation of "cold bridges". So we call home design sites that are due to the lack of continuity in insulation shell is high heat. Therefore it is best to apply the option to mount falshchetvertyami of wooden bars about the size of 50x50 mm, treated with preservatives. The window should, if possible, go evenly into the slot-quarters of 25-30 mm. Under the lower corners of the box and enclose a transom bearing pads, pads of a timber into which the frame should be supported. Pads are placed on the sides and in the following way: each rotary wing must meet two blocks, one - at the lower hinge, the second - on the opposite side of the frame from the top of the loop. In contrast to the log house whose walls are a single array, frame and panel houses are modular. Therefore, technology installation of window units are no different from that used for block and panel of city buildings. Sometimes there is a logical question about the ecology of modern windows. Experts claim that eco-friendly plastic. In 1997, the Australian Independent Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research GSIRO released an official report, which is the main conclusion is that PVC - it is environmentally friendly building material. For the production of wooden windows used multilayer laminated board, impregnated with various chemical compounds that provide moisture and protection from rot and insects, and fire safety. If the manufacture of wooden construction were used substandard impregnating varnishes, preservatives, it is not just neekologichna, but also dangerous for your health. It is therefore important to monitor compliance with the materials used sanitary standards: products have to have a health certificate. Wooden architecture It is hard to oppose the natural beauty of wood, and even ridiculous to violate design concept home. It is therefore logical to observe a combination of all elements of construction with a natural color wooden walls. This is especially true of doors and windows. If the wood for doors is the traditional material, the situation with the windows today is somewhat different. Timber windows require regular maintenance and upgrades protective coating every 3-5 years. Late prevention can lead to mildew and rot. In addition, a simulation of wooden surfaces allow and artificial materials. The modern PVC window profile in the process of manufacturing laminated with a special film, welded to the base at a monomolecular level. This film may not be the only white or color, but also mimics the texture and design various types of wood. Thus, experts say PROPLEKS that are very popular color "Mahogany," "golden oak", "mountain pine" and "striped Douglas." Externally, this surface is almost identical to natural, but, in contrast, requires no special care and preserves the original appearance much longer. Attic, and terraces have always been essential attributes of country estates. But in recent years in fashion are winter gardens. There are new architectural solutions: large-scale window openings with panoramic windows, creating the effect of volume, Portals - parallel-glazed sliding design. For all of these elements requires a non-standard windows. Here, PVC - out of competition. Plastic frame can be given almost any shape. High-tech manufacturing allows you to create the most incredible options at the lowest cost. Price of the issue price of wooden houses without finishing can vary from 2.5 to 15 thousand rubles per m2. If you do not consider very low cost options characterized by low quality of life and no more than 30-40 years, then the optimal solution can be found in the range of 5-10 thousand rubles per m2. Naturally, the cost of structural elements should be commensurate with the value "box." Illustrate this can be an example of window designs. The cost of wooden windows depends on the type of wood. What makes it more valuable (oak, ash, larch, etc.) - the higher the price. Today, the window of the tree will cost approximately 12000-20000 rubles. per m2, while the window is made of PVC is now worth an average of 4500 rub./m2. Thus, we can say that the windows of PVC profile - on the whole more justifiable choice, since their value much better fit in the estimate for the construction of wooden houses. There are other possibilities to optimize the cost of a house. For example, an area of 200-250 m2 log-in terms of cost per square meter slightly cheaper than the same home area of 150-200 m2. This is because the amount of wood used for such a change in area will be increased slightly. Significant costs and requires a complex roof structure due to the fact that we have to use composite elements, and in special cases - metal beams, special features and interface, etc. It is necessary to calculate and transportation costs: can be custom homes in the enterprise with a higher initial cost of materials, but it is located geographically more profitable in the end cost less. Speaking of cost effectiveness, not to mention about the foundations. As mentioned earlier in this article, log, lumber, modular, prefab houses do not require massive foundations. Keep in mind that different companies offer different sets of supplies ready at home. The price set is largely dependent on the quality of these materials, which is why most manufacturers of wooden houses distinguish basic and full kits or different classes of basic supplies (such as "economy", "standard", "Business", "elite"). In any case, the construction must begin, just having the detailed budget. Wooden houses have all the necessary qualities to qualify in the near future for mass deployment and significant market share of individual housing construction. Cost, ease of installation, high rates of construction, comfort, aesthetics - this is not a complete list of advantages of such housing. Modern building materials and technologies make it possible to further enhance the attractiveness of wooden buildings, making them quite modern, environmentally friendly and affordable for the average family budget.
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