Until recently, individual entrepreneurs and business owners had no chance of getting a mortgage. However, mortgage lending in this country develops, competition forces banks to modify the requirements for borrowers, and this category of citizens recently also an opportunity to buy an apartment on credit. However, to take this opportunity while not easy. Alexei Dorosh, director of sales and development of Russian Mortgage Bank, says that "entrepreneurs and business owners are a category of borrowers with high risk for the bank. In considering the application of such borrowers studied a much larger set of documents, respectively, the processing times several times longer. The main reason for this - lack of transparency of business in our country. " The solution for such customers will depend on the success and transparency of their business. It's good that formal restrictions on the scope of activities available. Elena Voronina, Deputy Director of the Center mortgage Absolyutbanka, stresses that "as a rule, the industry does not matter. Some of our borrowers distribution by fields of activity is: Wholesale and retail trade (40 percent), services (40 percent), manufacturing (20 percent). " For purposes of this category of borrowers having difficulty at the stage of determining the monthly income. According to Mikhail Romanov, the head of the Mortgage Center MGSN, "if for employees collected statistics, and seeing the experience and educational background, even without the help of 2-PIT is possible to estimate the amount of his income, that is the case with entrepreneurs and business owners, such statistics are not available ". Mikhail Romanov explains that "although formally credited to individual accounts to assess legal entity that is the business itself, and this bank needs to analyze a solid package of documents." Christina Rzayev, sales director of the Independent Mortgage Bureau, warns that "the list of documents to put it mildly, not a little, and have to spend some time in their collection." As an example, she provides a list of documents that the bank will require the owner of the business (in addition to copies of the work book and borrower's income statement as an individual) to verify the success of the company: copies of constituent documents (statute, contract, certificate of registration), sealed by the company and copies of documents confirming the purchase of shares and payment for them (if applicable) a copy of the certificate of tax on registration in the Unified State Register of legal entities, bank statement of cash flows on the debit and credit (settlement, foreign currency account) with Monthly turnover for the period of 12 months, a certificate from the bank with the bank stamp on the account balance, presence / absence of bad debt and the presence / absence of claims to the account and copies of documents confirming the credit history and current liabilities of the company, a copy of the lease of office, warehouse, manufacturing premises, copies of contracts with major customers / suppliers / contractors, copies of forms number 1 and 2 (balance sheet and profit and loss account) for the previous year and the last reporting date or a copy of tax return forms for the single tax on imputed income, tax returns for the previous calendar year and the last quarters of the year (the unified social tax), as well as documents confirming the payment of contributions by the state social extrabudgetary funds. The processing of this information takes a long time. According to Mikhail Romanov, "if the term of the credit limit for determining an employee is 7-10 business days, to assess the business may need a month. Managers of retail lending unit is difficult to work with entrepreneurs and business owners. Credit institution's assessment of the more expensive category of borrowers, as the procedure is difficult to bring to the standard. " Another problem is that "entrepreneurs are not always ready to reveal all the information. Affected by the lack of qualification in the management reporting - lack of documents or statements is messy. In addition, potential borrowers are often reluctant to submit a complete package of documents to the bank for fear of claims from tax authorities. Meanwhile, there is such a thing as bank secrecy, so that these fears are unfounded. I have not been known to leak information from the loan file. It's a big reputational risk for the bank ", - says Mikhail Romanov. Yet the relationship with the entrepreneur tax authorities play an important role in the decision to grant a mortgage loan. Mikhail Romanov stresses that such a borrower "difficult to convince the bank that the real income of more than" white. " But the presence of unaccounted income in this case is a plus: the bank will certainly take into account the additional risk of claims by the fiscal authorities. By the way, most banks do not consider data management accounting, estimating the position of the company solely on the basis of tax returns. " Any instability will be treated not in favor of the potential borrower. Elena Voronina warns that "certain difficulties may arise for those entrepreneurs whose monthly incomes are unstable due to the seasonal nature of the critical project or business." This is due to the fact that lenders are working on annuity payment system, which implies equal monthly payments. Individual entrepreneurs often change the legal persons - close one company and open up another company with a new name. A person may engage in business for ten years, but in reporting there is no consistency. The firm, which the documents are often not there for so long, and the bank will consider the results of only a year or two, but this is not enough to assess the success of the business, explains Mikhail Romanov. In general, it is necessary that business at the time of treatment in the bank lasted more than two years, not to make losses and not with a zero balance. The owner of the company may refuse credit or reduce the limit because of the co-founders. If the owners of many, but not a very big business, the bank will consider necessary, that the division of the company each participant will get too little. Because of all these complexities lending business has developed quite late: HMLA only recently introduced standards for such borrowers. But the banks still "do not like these borrowers and often give them a mortgage loan limit below the amount requested" - sums up not too comforting Mikhail Romanov. "In order to assess the solvency of the bank is guided not only confirmed or unconfirmed income at the moment, and likely to achieve the same income in the future. This means that obtaining even a "white" income today does not guarantee that the bank's underwriters are not discounted that amount to market levels "- confirms Alex Dorosh. Fortunately, "Today, some banks are willing to consider the borrower-owner of the business as an individual, if the share of business in less than 25 percent. And this is good news, as in the case of review of business rates on loans by an average of 1 per cent above, consideration will be longer, practiced by a field visit and assessment, after which the bank may ask for additional documents. There is a market and a number of banks that are willing to turn a blind eye to the existing business, even if participation in the borrower more than 25 percent. Such situations are considered on an individual basis, "- says Christina Rzayev. According to Elena Voronina, "increase the chances of such customers for a mortgage may involve a co-borrower or guarantor, as well as the degree of documentation (" bleached ") business, its transparency and stability of the receipt of monthly income." In order to obtain the necessary amount of a mortgage, advises Michael Romanov was "properly maintain accounting and tax records, conduct all amounts in bank accounts, file tax returns accurately, displaying a business out of the" shadow "."
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