At all times the dwelling occupied by one of the main places in the concerns and aspirations of its inhabitants. It should be safe haven for many generations, able to protect the precious atmosphere of domestic comfort, to protect against bad weather, to help survive tough times. Returning home, he leaves the threshold of the problems and troubles of the big world. It is not surprising that most people are concerned about the safety and durability of their habitats. According to the survey conducted by the fund "Public Opinion", 67 percent of Russians are concerned about the state of their homes. At the same time 27 percent of respondents believe in the need to replace communications, 14 percent complained of leaking roofs, 9 percent - on the condition of the basement, 7 percent say the need to eliminate cracks in the walls, 2 percent fear the collapse of the balconies and the same number of respondents believe that the house in general could collapse. The topic reliable and durable housing takes on special urgency. Gain confidence in the durability of materials and structures helps to mandatory certification, which are an integral part of the test. My home - my castle built good home for years to come. Therefore, the basis of its design must be items that can properly serve several generations of residents. First of all, we are talking about building blocks, roofing, plumbing and heating pipes, windows and doors. Walls - the foundation of any structure. Replace them during the operation is impossible, so the materials from which erected the walls - concrete blocks, panels, slabs, bricks, etc. - must be tested to prove their durability. The tests are conducted in hostile conditions, when one day the material is subjected to the same intensity of effect, as in a few years of operation. These lead to the conclusion about the use of materials in buildings designed for continuous operation. Thus, the lifetime of large-and stone houses of at least 150 years. Brick houses should be from 100 to 150 years, and the lightweight building cinder or breeze blocks - at least 100 years. Necessarily have to be tested and roofing materials because of their reliability depends on state of the building. However, roof repair and replacement of permits, so the durability of the materials here may be 1.5-2 times lower than that of building blocks. Another important component - water pipes. The main parameter characterizing the strength, stability is under constant internal pressure. During the test tube must withstand a pressure of 1-1.6 MPa for cold water and 2-2.5 MPa - for hot water. The period of the pipeline for the cold water is 50 years old, and hot - 25-30 years. Door designs used in buildings must withstand considerable force cyclic loading. The test is performed at the opening of the door at an angle of 60 ° and close to the velocity of the free vertical edge of the wing at the time of contact with the box. At the same interior doors must be at least 5000 cycles, and the input - not less than 100 thousand. Replacing the front door - always a challenge, so they manufacture and assembly are best left to a specialized company, which gives a long warranty. Due to its reliability and good performance characteristics well-deserved recognition was Products MUL-T-LOCK, Panson and some domestic manufacturers. Undergo such testing and the window. The mechanical arm of a robot manipulator opens and closes the shutter many times. Existing regulations provide for the ability to withstand more than 20 000 cycles. The best results show window design of the PVC-profile. This is due to its resistance to physical and chemical stress. PVC window profile must be tested for strength and durability. Experiments conducted in the laboratory PROPLEKS Group, Russia's largest producer of PVC window-profile of Austrian technologies have shown that the current window profile is able to properly serve for 60 years at a certain rate of the applicable standards in 40 years. The water does not sink and the fire does not burn materials used in construction, must be tested for moisture resistance and fire safety. This allows us to assess their reliability in critical situations, for example - from natural disasters. This primarily applies to windows, doors and materials used for thermal insulation of buildings. During a fire, building construction should hold the flame for 15 minutes. This time is necessary for the arrival of fire brigade. In addition, the combustion of materials shall not release harmful substances. When testing material is placed in a special chamber where it is exposed to high temperatures and open flame. In accordance with requirements of GOST and SNiP 21-01-97 31251-2003 structural elements must necessarily be tested on the basis of which is determined by the class of fire danger and the corresponding rules of operation. Development of methodology for conducting such research center engaged in fire research CNIISK them. VA Kucherenko. As shown by the tests of insulating materials provide the greatest safety of mineral wool (for example, Ursa, Tehno, Isover), capable of withstanding temperatures of about 1000 ° C, and aerated concrete. In addition, they are good in terms of moisture resistance. These factors help explain the use of such heaters in the building. Door construction shall also be tested, as fire safety, and the humidity. In this case, are of great importance not only characteristics of the wood, how many properties of coatings used to protect the surface from mechanical effects. As for the windows, the tests showed an absolute fire PVC, because it is not capable of supporting combustion. This is achieved thanks to special additives (additive), in the mixture, from which you profile. Tests on water and air permeability of PVC conducted using the apparatus of artificial weather "Ksenotest." Frame pours streams of water from street-side under high pressure. Such an experiment to determine the quality and the ability to seal the valves do not absorb moisture through the vestibule. Also being tested in a climatic chamber, which reproduces the conditions of the Russian winter. On one side of the window in the cold zone, the temperature is -32 ° C, on the other hand, in a warm area - +30-35 ° C. If the experiment turns out that the profile is "frozen", the certificate of conformity to the window system will not be issued. Therefore, the profile of the leading manufacturers make the "Amendment to the Russian frost" technology in its proizfodstvayu. For example, the company is working on PROPLEKS raw mix recipe, developed by Austrian specialists for Russian conditions. Roofing materials are also being tested for the ability to resist wind and repel water and keep warm. The best indicators show tile. It absorbs less than 5 percent of its weight of moisture. Some brands show and the best result, for example, roof tiles SEA WAVE characterized by the water absorption of only 4 per cent. Vital signs Construction materials must not only ensure a long service life of the building and its sustainability in all sorts of emergencies, but to be safe for human health. They should not cause allergic reactions and adverse effects on the body. These characteristics are verified by laboratory tests in medical schools and institutions of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. The test specimens are tested for a long time. In this study the chemical resistance of materials at various temperatures, their inertness to air and water, as well as the mechanical stability of the surface, that is, resistance to aerosols of fine particles of the material. The measurements were carried out in special chambers, where the analysis of chemical composition of air and the content of suspensions. Similarly, investigating insulation, plaster, facing materials, wallpaper, floor and ceiling coverings, windows and doors. Incidentally, PVC, official material for window profiles - one of the champions of safety and environmental protection. The best illustration of this is that, in addition to window designs, this material produces packaging for food packaging (in particular - yogurt cups), dishes, and even containers for storage of donated blood. The installation of plastic windows are not only perfectly safe, but even recommended disease surveillance for healthcare facilities. For example, the profile PROPLEX suitable for use in health care and child care centers, schools, etc., in all climatic regions of Russia (application for certificate of compliance for PVC profile PROPLEX № ROSS SH.SL08.N00033 from 20/03/2003). In search of truth When selecting or building finishing materials be sure to pay attention to labeling and packaging information. In particular, we always shall specify a particular material for exterior or interior, its service life, resistance to humidity, and high or low temperatures. This information is provided on the package construction and plaster mixtures, paints, etc. It is worth paying attention to the expiration date from the date of issue: for many materials, it is not unlimited. Facing coatings for determining the value of a life in which they should not lose their properties. For the laminate, for example, the concept of class resistance to abrasion. There are several classes for different rooms (residential, commercial, etc.), each of which involves a degree of load on the cover. To choose a suitable cladding material or floor covering shop assistant to help building a shop or wholesale company, which shall have all necessary information about our products. In addition, it should indicate where the product packaging or in accompanying documents are claimed characteristics. Is required in the certificate. This document just contains information about the products according to certain standards (with their numbers and symbols), as well as all records of the tests. If there is any doubt, you can request a copy of the certificate and verify the information in ROSTEST. Product safety for human health is confirmed by hygienic certificate. This document must also be available. Products sold in Russia, must be marked in Russian (except for the company logo) with the application of GOST and sheet. In addition, all products are marked with a special unique bar code. For example, the PVC profile with an interval of 0.5 m is applied to information that contains data about the place, date, time of production, as well as material and compliance standards in the country of origin. Such labeling, as well as the availability of certificates at the hands of the producer can submit a claim, even if not preserved documents confirming the purchase of products, whether or not there is the vendor. Modern building materials market offers many different products. The choice is great, but often consumers appear justifiable concerns about the safety and reliability of the materials used. Ensure the right choice can be studied pre-marked on the product and the accompanying certificates. The general idea of the nature of tests, which are the materials before reaching the market, allows us to understand on what their characteristics should be noted in the first place.
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